Backlight name (of the directory) depends on the graphics card model:
ls /sys/class/backlight/
Brightness setting is set by writing a number to brightness. Attempting to set a brightness greater than the maximum results in an error:
echo 5 > /sys/class/backlight/radeon_bl0/brightness
Maximum brightness can be displayed by reading from max_brightness (often 15):
cat /sys/class/backlight/radeon_bl0/max_brightness
Adapted from: Arch wiki